Well looking at things logically, what you have got is a single scart VCR although I am unaware as to whether or not the VCR also as A/V phono output sockets, some have!
If however it doesnt, then does the TV have any A/V phono outputs? as once again some models do, because the answer to these two queries determines the next step for you to take.
If the answer is "no" in both cases then any step you take has to involve the scart adaptor, as either the camcorder has some problem on its analogue input or its an incompatibility problem in the connections being used.
The main point to look at is the yellow plug on the end of the lead that goes into the camcorder is the video in / out connection, as witnessed by the fact you said it played perfectly into the TV, but it cant be both at the same time, so did you enter the camcorders menu to select the DV socket as and out? (for the test)